2001 APS Conference

Cellular and Molecular Physiology of
Sodium-Calcium Exchange

October 10-14, 2001

The Banff Centre for Conferences
Banff, Alberta, Canada

 

 

Location:
Banff Centre for Conferences (located in the Banff National Park) 107 Tunnel Mountain Drive, Box 1020, Stn. 11, Banff, Alberta, Canada T0L 0C0, Phone: 403 762-6204; FAX: 403 762-6388.


Cellular and Molecular Physiology of Sodium-Calcium Exchange


APS Council

President
Past President
President-Elect
John E. Hall
Gerald F. DiBona
Barbara A. Horwitz
Kim E. Barrett
Douglas C. Eaton
Steven C. Hebert
Hannah V. Carey
Joseph R. Haywood
Jo Rae Wright
ex officio Members
ex officio Members
ex officio Members
Dale J. Benos
Robert G. Carroll
Judith Neubauer
Mordecai P. Blaustein
Martin Frank
Celia Sladek
     
     
 
 
 
Conference Organizing Committee
 
     
 
Jonathan Lytton (Chair)
 
Paul P.M. Schnetkamp
Mordecai P. Blaustein
Larry V. Hryshko
     
     
     
 
Scientific Advisory Committee
 
     
Reinaldo DiPolo
Akinori Noma
Hannah Rahamimoff
Don Hilgemann
Kenneth D. Philipson
John Reeves
     
     

Acknowledgments:

The Conference Organizers and The American Physiological Society gratefully recognize the
financial support provided through unrestricted educational grants from:

Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research
Axon Instruments
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
The Canadian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology
Carl Zeiss Canada Ltd.
Invitrogen Corp.
Mandel Scientific Company Ltd.
New England BioLabs Ltd.
University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine
VWR Canlab

 


PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS



Wednesday, October 10, 2001

 

Keynote Address

1.0    The Sodium-Calcium Exchange Molecule: An Overview

Wed. 7:30-8:30 PMMax Bell Auditorium

Kenneth D. Philipson. UCLA Sch. of Med.

Opening Reception and Mixer

Wed. 8:30-10:30 PMMax Bell Foyer Lounge

 

Thursday, October 11, 2001

Symposium

2.0         Molecular Physiology

Thur. 9:00 AM-12:45 PMMax Bell Auditorium

Moderator: Kenneth Philipson

9:00          2.1      Toward a Topological Model of the Exchanger. Debora Nicoll. UCLA Sch. of Med.

9:30          2.2      Probing the Ion Binding Sites in the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger. Munekaza Shigekawa. Natl. Cardiovasc. Ctr. Res. Inst., Osaka.

10:00        2.3      Ion Channel-like Properties of the Na/K Pump. David C. Gadsby. The Rockefeller Univ.

10:30        Break.

11:00        2.4      Structure and Function of the Retinal Rod and Cone Na/Ca-K Exchangers. Paul P.M. Schnetkamp. Univ. of Calgary.

11:30        2.5      Stoichiometry of the Exchanger: Models and Implications. Satoshi Matsuoka. Kyoto Univ.

12:00        Influence of Na-Ca exchange stiochiometry on model cardiac action potentials. D. Noble. Oxford Univ. (3.03)

12:15        2.6      Debate: What is the NCX Stoichiometry? John Reeves. UMDNJ-New Jersey Med. Sch.


Posters

3.0    Poster Presentations from Contributed Abstracts

Max Bell Building, Room 252

Posters will be on display: Thursday and Friday, 8:30 AM-10:00 PM.

All authors will present: Thursday and Friday, 4:00-6:00 PM.

Note: The number on the far left is the poster board number.

Board #

1          3.1        Kinetic model of transport and regulation of the cardiac, brain, and kidney isoforms of NCX1. A. Omelchenko, C.L. Elias, M. Hnatowich, and L.V. Hryshko. St. Boniface Gen. Hosp., Winnipeg and Univ. of Manitoba.

2          3.2        Re-examination of the stoichiometry of Na/Ca exchange with whole-cell clamp of guinea pig ventricular myocytes. M. Hinata, L. Li, Y. Watanabe, T. Watano, and J. Kimura. Fukushima Med. Univ., Japan.

3          3.3        Influence of Na-Ca exchange stiochiometry on model cardiac action potentials. D. Noble. Oxford Univ.

4          3.4        Acidic pH changes the stiochiometry of forward Na/Ca exchange in a heterelogous expression system. I.A. Hobai, A.J. Sidor, D.C. Johns, and B. O'Rourke. Johns Hopkins Univ.

5          3.5        Simultaneous measurement of [Na]i, [Ca]i, and INCX in intact cardiac myocytes. K.S. Ginsburg, C.R. Weber, S. Despa, and D.M. Bers. Loyola Univ.

6          3.6        Stiochiometry of the cloned rat cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanganger, NCX1.1. H. Dong and J. Lytton. Univ. of Calgary.

7          3.7        Towards comparative genomics of Ca2+-transporters. A. Kraev and D.H. MacLennan. Univ. of Toronto.

8          3.8        Determining the relative level of transcripts for genes in a multigene family. S.K. Polumuri, A. Ruknudin, and D.H. Schulze. Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore.

9          3.9        Sodium calcium exchangers in olfactory tissue. D.H. Schulze, A. Ruknudin, J.W. Margolis, S.K. Polumuri, and F.L. Margolis. Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore.

10       3.10        Molecular identification of the NCX isoform expressed in tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. R. Mejía-Elizondo, R. Espinosa-Tanguma, and V. Saavedra-Alanis. Univ. of San Luis Potosí, Mexico

11       3.11        A new Na/Ca exchanger (NCX1) splicing pattern identified in situ leads to a functionally active 70 kDa NH2-terminal protein. F. Van Eylen, A. Kamagate, and A. Herchuelz. Brussels Univ.

12       3.12        The gene promotor of human Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoform 3 (SCL8A3) is controlled by cAMP and calcium. N. Gabellini, S. Bortoluzzi, G.A. Danieli, and E. Carafoli. Univ. of Padova.

13       3.13        Role of MAP kinases in the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger gene expression in feline adult cardiocytes. L. Xu, J.G. Muller, P.R. Withers, and D.R. Menick. Med. Univ. of South Carolina.

14       3.14        Activation of the cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger by DEPC. M. Ottolia, S. Schumann, D. Nicoll, and K. Philipson. UCLA.

15       3.15        Sequential exchange of cysteine residues of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger NCX1 impairs functional expression of the protein in HEK 293 cells. X. Ren, J. Kasir, and H. Rahamimoff. Hebrew Univ. Hadassah Med. Sch., Jerusalem.

16       3.16        The molecular determinants of Ca2+i block of I1 on the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. J. Dunn, C.L. Elias, L.V. Hryshko, and J. Lytton. Univ. of Calgary and Univ. of Manitoba.

17       3.17        Functionally important residues of the human retinal cone Na/Ca-K exchanger. R. Szerencsei, R. Winkfein, T. Kinjo, K-J. Kang, M. Perizzolo, L. Eisner, and P. Schnetkamp. Univ. of Calgary.

18       3.18        Exploring putative cation binding sites on conserved transmembrane segments of the human cone Na/Ca-K exchanger by site-directed mutagenesis. K-J. Kang, R. Szerencsei, R. Winkfein, L. Eisner, and P. Schnetkamp. Univ. of Calgary.

19       3.19        Topology of the retinal cone Na/Ca-K exchanger. T. Kinjo, R. Szerencsei, M. Perizzolo, R. Winkfein, L. Eisner, and P. Schnetkamp. Univ. of Calgary.

20       3.20        Topological studies of the rat brain K-dependent Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCKX2. X. Cai, K. Zhang, and J. Lytton. Univ. of Calgary.

21       3.21        Self-inhibition of the retinal Na/Ca-K exchanger. P.J. Bauer and H. Schauf. Res. Ctr. Juelich, Germany.

22       3.22        Oligomeric structure of the rat brain sodium-calcium+potassium exchanger, NCKX2. S.S. Yoo, S. Leach and J. Lytton. Univ. of Calgary

23       3.23        Functional analysis of polar residues important for activity of Na+/H+ exchangers. L. Fliegel, C.A. Wiebe, R. Murtazina, B.J. Booth, B.L. Bullis, D.N. Singh, and P. Dibrov. Univ. of Alberta.

24       3.24        The cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger associates with caveolin-3. J. Bossuyt, B.E. Taylor, M. James-Kracke, and C.C. Hale. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia.

25       3.25        Conformational changes of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger upon ligand binding. R.I. Saba, E. Goormaghtigh, J-M. Ruysschaert, and A. Herchuelz. Brussels Univ.

26       3.26        Sodium-calcium exchange crystalization. C.C. Hale, J. Bossuyt, C.K. Hill, E.M. Price, D.H. Schulze, W.J. Lederer, R. Poljak, and B.C. Braden. Univ. of Missouri, Univ. of Maryland, Ctr. for Advanced Res. in Biotech., and Bowie State Univ., MD.

27       3.27        YrbG open reading frame in E. coli is a novel exchanger: similar in structure but different in function to the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. A. Ruknudin and D.H. Schulze. Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore.

28       3.28        Temperature dependence of cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. C. Marshall, X-H. Xue, C. Elias, A. Omelchenko, L. Hryshko, and G. Tibbits. Simon Fraser Univ. and Univ. of Manitoba.

29       3.29        The site of amiodarone inhibition in Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expressed in CCL39 cells. Y. Watanabe, T. Iwamoto, T. Ono, M. Shigekawa, and J. Kimura. Fukushima Med. Univ. and Nat. Cardiovascular Res. Inst., Osaka, Japan.

30       3.30        Effect of KB-R7943 on current oscillations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. L. Li and J. Kimura. Fukushima Med. Univ., Japan.

31       3.31        Inhibition of the Drosophila Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, CALX1.1, by KB-R7943. C.L. Elias, A. Omelchenko, M. Hnatowich, and L.V. Hryshko. St. Boniface Gen. Hosp., Winnipeg.

32       3.32        The Ca-Ca exchange mode of the Na-Ca exchanger investigated by photolytic Ca2+ concentration jumps. A. Haase, M. Kappl, G. Nagel, and K. Hartung. Max-Planck Inst. for Biophys., Frankfurt.

33       3.33        Phosphorylation modulates the activity of the Drosophila Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. D.H. Schulze and A. Ruknudin. Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore.

34       3.34        ATP stimulation of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in bovine brain membrane vesicles is similar to that of the heart and independent of ionic strength of assay or preparation. G. Berberián, C. Asteggiano, and C. Pham. Univ. of Cordoba, Argentina.

35       3.35        MgATP regulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 bound to cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. C. Asteggiano, G. Berberián, and L. Beaugé. Univ of Cordoba, Argentina.

36       3.36        ATP and Mg2+ regulation of the squid nerve and mammalian heart Na+/Ca2+ exchanger are different. L. Beaugé, G. Berberián, and R. DiPolo. IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.

37       3.37        Na/Ca exchange and mitochondria: a preferential access pathway for calcium? J.P. Reeves and K. Opuni. UMDNJ-New Jersey Med. Sch., Newark.

38       3.38        Mitochondria modulate sodium- dependent Ca2+ influx in cultured cerebellar granule cells. L. Kiedrowski and A. Czyz. Univ. of Illinois, Chicago.

39       3.39        Role of sodium calcium exchanger (NCX-1) in embryonic heart development. S.V. Koushik, J. Wang, R. Rogers, T. Creazzo, and S.J. Conway. Med. Col. of Georgia.

40       3.40        Evidence for a time dependent activation of the Na/Ca exchanger by Ca in beating rat heart cells. R.A. Haworth, S. Vadakkadath Meethal, D. Redon, and K. Potter. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.

41       3.41        Volatile anesthetics and regulation of cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange in neonates versus adults. Y.S. Prakash, L.W. Hunter, I. Seckin, and G.C. Sieck. Mayo Clinic.

42       3.42        Modulation of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger by isoprenaline, adenosine and endothelin-1 in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Y.H. Zhang, A.K. Hinde, A.F. James,  and J.C. Hancox. Univ of Bristol.

43       3.43        Decreased --adrenergic responsiveness of Na/Ca exchange current in failing pig myocytes. S.K. Wei, S.U. Hanlon, and M.C.P. Haigney. Uniformed Services Univ. of Hlth. Sci., Bethesda, MD.

44       3.44        Ca influx via the Na/Ca exchanger maintains sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in failing human myocytes. V. Piacentino III, K.B. Margulies, and S.R. Houser. Temple Univ.

45       3.45        Calcium influx via INCX is favored in failing human ventricular myocytes. C.R. Weber, V. Piacentino III, K.B. Marguiles, D.M. Bers, and S.R. Houser. Loyola Univ. and Temple Univ.

46       3.46        Increased Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expression attenuates myocardial dysfunction after myocardial infarction. J-Y. Min, M.F. Sullivan, J. Wang, I. Amende, J.P. Morgan, K.D. Philipson, and T.G. Hampton. Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., Boston, Harvard Med. Ctr., and UCLA.

47       3.47        Ischemic tolerance of homozygous transgenic mouse heart overexpressing the sodium-calcium exchanger. M.M. Bersohn, C.R. Carmack, and K.D. Philipson. VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and UCLA.

48       3.48        NCX1 overexpression enhances contractility and SR calcium content in adult rat myocytes. X-Q. Zhang, J. Song, L.I. Rothblum, J. Lytton, and J.Y. Cheung. Weis Ctr. for Res., Danville, PA.

49       3.49        Na/Ca exchanger overexpression induces endoplasmic reticulum-related apoptosis and capase-12 release. O. Díaz-Horta, A. Herchuelz, and F. Van Eylen. Brussels Univ.

50       3.50        Differential expression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger encoding genes NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 in the rat brain. L. Annunziato, A. Canitano, P. Castaldo, S. Sellitti, S. Amoroso, M. Taglialetela, and M. Papa. Univ. of Naples, Italy.

51       3.51        Differential expression of NCX/NCKX transcripts in rat brain. X-F. Li and J. Lytton. Univ. of Calgary.

52       3.52        Depolarization of histaminergic neurons by activation of sodium-calcium exchange. K.S. Eriksson, D.R. Stevens, O.A. Sergeeva, and H.L. Haas. Heinrich-Heine Univ., Dusseldorf.

53       3.53        The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in the Na+ efflux-Ca2+ influx mode of operation exerts a neuroprotective role in cellular models of in vitro anoxia and in vivo cerebral ischemia. A. Tortiglione, G. Pignataro, M. Minale, A. Secondo, A. Scorziello, G.F. Di Renzo, S. Amoroso, and L. Annunziato. Univ. of Naples, Italy.

54       3.54        Coronary smooth muscle cell sodium-calcium exchange activity is enhanced in diabetic and dyslipidemic Yucatan miniature swine. E.A. Mokelke, M.F. Wang, and M. Sturek. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia.

55       3.55        Dysregulation of [Ca2+]i by a Na+:Ca2+ exchanger isoform from mesangial cells of salt sensitive DAHL/RAPP rats. P.D. Bell, E.F. Hwang, G. Kovacs, J. Peti-Peterdi, B.J. Siroky, and M.T. Unlap. Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham.

56       3.56        Susceptibility of a Na+:Ca2+ exchanger from mesangial cells of salt sensitive DAHL/RAPP rats to oxidative stress. M.T. Unlap, E.H. Hwang, B.J. Siroky, J. Peti-Peterdi, G. Kovacs, I. Williams, and P.D. Bell. Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham.

57       3.57        Collagen activates the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in human platelets. D. Roberts and R. Bose. Univ. of Manitoba.

58       3.58        Role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in activated and non-activated human platelets. R. Bose, Y. Li, and D. Roberts. Univ. of Manitoba.

59       3.59        Effect of glucose on the expression level of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in pancreatic islet cells. H.M.A. Simenes, A. Kamagate, F. Van Eylen, and A. Herchuelz. Brussels Univ.

60       3.60        The role of NCX in crustacean calcium homeostasis: molecular and physiological characterization. L.M. Stiner, M.G. Wheatly, Z. Zhang, and M.G. Hubbard. Wright State Univ.

 

Symposium

4.0    Functional Regulation

Thur. 7:30-10:00 PMMax Bell Auditorium

Moderator: John Reeves

7:30    4.1          Tissue Specific Modes of Na/Ca Exchanger Regulation. Larry V. Hryshko. Univ. of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hosp. Res. Ctr.

8:00    4.2          Bimodal PKA-mediated Regulation of Na/Ca Exchange. Martin Morad. Georgetown Univ.

8:30    Break.

8:45    4.3          Cysteine Residues are Important for Functional Expression of the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger NCX1 in HEK 293 Cells. Hannah Rahamimoff. Hadassah Med. Sch., Hebrew Univ.

9:15    4.4          Functional Regulation of Alternatively Spliced Na+/Ca+ Exchanger Isoforms. Dan Schulze. Univ. of Maryland Sch. of Med.

9:45    The cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger associates with caveolin-3. J. Bossuyt, B.E. Taylor, M. James-Kracke, and C.C. Hale. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia. (3.24)


      Friday, October 12, 2001

Symposium

5.0         Cellular Regulation

Fri. 9:00 AM-12:45 PM

Moderator: Paul Schnetkamp

9:00          5.1    Regulation of Na/Ca Exchanger Function by Sphingolipids. John  Reeves. UMDNJ-New Jersey Med. Sch.

9:30          5.2    In Squid Axons the Ca2+i Regulatory Site is Central to Proton and MgATP Modulation of Na+/Ca2+ Exchange. Reinaldo DiPolo. IVIC-Caracas, Venezuela.

10:00        5.3    Pathways Regulating Na+-Ca+ Exchanger Expression in the Heart. Donald Menick. Med. Univ. of South Carolina.

10:30        Break.

11:00        5.4    Multiple Models of Regulation of Na/H Exchange Isoforms. Sergio Grinstein. Hosp. for Sick Children, Toronto.

11:30        5.5    Control of Na/Ca Exchange Function by Lipid Phosphorylation. Donald Hilgemann. UT-Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas.

12:00        5.6    Regulation of Na/Ca Exchanger Expression in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Susanne Nicholas. UCLA.

12:30        Role of sodium calcium exchanger (NCX-1) in embryonic heart development. S.V. Koushik, J. Wang, R. Rogers, T. Creazzo, and S.J. Conway. Med. Col. of Georgia. (3.39)

 

Symposium

6.0         Calcium Homeostasis

Fri. 7:30-10:00 PMMax Bell Auditorium

Moderator: Jonathan Lytton

7:30          MgATP regulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 bound to cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. C. Asteg-giano, G. Berberián, and L. Beaugé. Univ of Cordoba, Argentina. (3.35)

7:45          6.1    Calcium Homeostasis in Vertebrate Photoreceptors. Gordon Fain. UCLA.

8:15          6.2    Na/Ca Exchangers in Drosophila. Nansi Jo Colley. Univ. of Wisconsin.

8:45          Break.

9:00          6.3    Na/Ca Exchange and Ca2+ Homeostasis in Pancreatic Cells. Andre Herchuelz. Univ. Libre Bruxelles.

9:30          6.4    Na/Ca Exchange in Platelets and its Role in Vascular Disease. Masayuki Kimura.UMDNJ-New Jersey Med. Sch.


Saturday, October 13, 2001

Symposium

7.0         Neuronal Function

Sat. 9:00 AM-12:30 PMMax Bell Auditorium

Moderator: Mordecai P. Blaustein

9:00          7.1    Na/Ca Exchanger Localization in Neurons and Astrocytes: Functional Implications. Mordecai P. Blaustein. Univ. of Maryland Sch. of Med.

9:30          7.2    Cellular Distribution of Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Isoforms in Rat Hippocampus Cultures. Hartmut Porzig. Univ. of Bern.

10:00        7.3    Regulation of Na/Ca Exchanger Expressin in the Brain. Ernesto Carafoli. Univ. of Padova.

10:30        Break.

11:00        7.4    Structure and Function of Na-K-Cl Cotransporters. Bliss Forbush. Yale Univ. Sch. of Med.

11:30        7.5    K-dependent Na/Ca Exchangers in the Brain. Jonathan Lytton. Univ. of Calgary.

12:00        Differential expression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger encoding genes NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 in the rat brain. L. Annunziato, A. Canitano, P. Castaldo, S. Sellitti, S. Amoroso, M. Taglialetela, and M. Papa. Univ. of Naples, Italy. (3.50)

12:15        Self-inhibition of the retinal Na/Ca-K exchanger. P.J. Bauer and H. Schauf. Res. Ctr. Juelich, Germany. (3.21)


Symposium

8.0            Cardiac Pathophysiology Debate: Na/Ca Exchanger Expression in Disease—Good Guy or Bad?

                 Sat. 4:00-6:30 PM Max Bell Auditorium
                 Moderator: Steven Houser

4:00          8.1    The Role of Na/Ca Exchange in Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. Elizabeth Murphy. NIEHS, NIH.

4:20          8.2    The Role of Na/Ca Exchanger in Arrhythmias. Karin Sipido. Univ. of Leuven.

4:40          Break.

5:00          8.3    Enhanced Na/Ca Exchange Activity in Infarcted Hearts Enhances Contractility. Sheldon E. Litwin. Salt Lake City VA Med. Ctr.

5:20          8.4    Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Overexpression Impairs Contractility. Gerd Hasenfuss. Univ. of Goettingen.

5:40          8.5    Modulation of Contractility by the Na/Ca Exchanger is SR Dependent in Heart Failure. Steven R. Houser. Temple Univ. Sch. of Med.

6:00          Discussion and debate.

All Registrants are Invited
CONFERENCE BANQUET
AND AWARDS PRESENTATION

Saturday, October 13
7:00-10:00 PM
Donald Cameron Hall
Dining Room

You must have a ticket to attend.
Pick up your free banquet ticket at the APS Registration Desk,

Max Bell Building, Central Foyer no later than 9:00 AM Thursday, October 11.


Sunday, October 14, 2001

Symposium

9.0            Cardiac Physiology

                 Sun. 9:00 AM-12:30 PM – Max Bell Auditorium
                 Moderator: Martin Morad

9:00          9.1    Na/Ca Exchanger and Cardiac Calcium Homeostasis. Donald M. Bers. Loyola Univ. Stritch Sch. of Med.

9:30          9.2    The Molecular Structure of Calcium Microdomains. Edwin Moore. Univ. of British  Columbia.

10:00        9.3    Ca2+-Signaling in Na/Ca Exchanger Transgenic Hearts. Satomi Adachi-Akahane. Univ. of Tokyo.

10:30        Break.

11:00        9.4    Pharmacology of Na/Ca Exchange. Junko Kimura. Fukushima Medical Univ.

11:30        9.5    Na/Ca Exchanger Over-expression and Ca Cycling in Cardiac Myocytes. Cesare Terracciano. Natl. Heart & Lung Inst., Imperial Col. Sch. of Med.

12:00        9.6    Na/Ca Exchange and the Heart: Physiology, Pathophysiology and E-C Coupling. W. Jon Lederer. Univ. of Maryland Sch. of Med.