Korean Pine Nut Oil Boosts
Appetite Suppressors Up To 60% For 4 Hours
SAN FRANCISCO (April 3, 2006) – In the face of the
growing obesity health challenge, “appetite suppressants are increasingly
interesting because they work on the very simple premise of ‘What you don’t
eat now, you won’t need to lose later,’” Alexandra Einerhand, director,
nutrition and toxicology-Europe at Lipid Nutrition notes.
Einerhand says that in a study, polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) derived from “Korean pine nuts, which have been part of our
diet since before ancient Greek and Roman times, stimulated two well-known
appetite suppressing peptide hormones at the same time that overweight women
reported significantly less desire to eat only 30 minutes after ingestion,”
compared with an olive oil placebo.
In a paper being presented in an American
Physiological Society session at Experimental Biology 2006, Einerhand
reports that “in this randomized, double-blind cross-over trial, the
greatest effect was observed after just 30 minutes, with the 18 women
reporting a 29% reduction in “desire to eat” and a 36% drop in “prospective
food intake” scores. Their subjective feelings of appetite were evaluated by
visual analog scales, a validated scoring system.
The experiment found a parallel and significant
increase in cholecystokinin (CCK) of 60% and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)
of 25% that remained as long as four hours after ingestion. CCK and GLP1 are
appetite suppressors, which “send signals of satiation to the brain
diminishing the desire to eat and food intake usually significantly,” she
adds.
The experiment utilized 3 grams of a product called
PinnoThin™, comprised of over 88% Korean pine nut PUFAs, and which is
marketed by Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan, of the
Netherlands.
*Paper presentation: “Korean pine nut
fatty acids affect appetite sensations, plasma CCK and GLP1 in overweight
subjects,” 12:30 p.m.-3 p.m. Monday April 3, Physiology Obesity and
Satiety 494.2/board #C781. On view 7:30 a.m. - 4 p.m. Research was by
Alexandra Einerhand, Jos Heimerikx, Marianne O’Shea and Luisa Gambelli of
Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan, Wormerveer, the Netherlands;
Wilrike Pasman, Carina Rubingh, Robin van den Berg and Henk Hendriks of TNO
Quality of Life, in Zeist.
CLA differentially reduces fat mass in men and women
in just 3 months
Two other presentations by Einerhand at Experimental
Biology report on a six-month human trial with another Lipid Nutrition
product called Clarinol™, or conjugated linoleic acid.
“The location and gender differences in fat mass loss
are very new and unexpected,” Einerhand says: “Lost fat mass was from the
legs and abdomen of women and from the abdomen of men. Neither men or women
lost any fat from the arms,” she adds.
“After only three months, there was a significant fat
mass loss,” Einerhand notes, and the losses continued for the next three
months. After six months, there was an average fat mass loss of 2 kilos
corresponding to about 6% fat loss. At the same time, “overall body weight
loss was ‘only’ 1.5 kilos because there was a gain in muscle mass,” she
reports.
Waist measurements shrunk 2.2 centimeters and hips 0.5
cm over six months. Waist-hip ratio decreased a significant 0.024. BMI fell
an on average 0.6, from the starting point of BMI 28-32 for the 118
overweight and obese subjects. In the trial, subjects received either 3.4
grams per day of CLA (Clarinol™), or olive oil placebo.
Health implications, plus ‘body molding’ effects
“Overall, this location-specific loss of fat mass is
both interesting and important,” Einerhand notes. “While the fat mass loss
in the legs and abdomen represents a kind of ‘body shaping’ effect, the loss
of abdominal fat mass is potentially a very important healthy effect because
abdominal fat is correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular
disease and diabetes,” she adds. As part of the study, safety factors were
monitored, and CLA was found to have no effect on insulin resistance.
*Paper presentations: “Conjugated linoleic acid
induces regional-specific decreases in fat mass in a 6-month clinical
trial,” 12:30 p.m.- 3 p.m. Sunday April 2, Clinical Nutrition,
138.10/board #B289. Research was by Jean-Michel Gaullier, Ola Gudmundsen
and Christian Syvertsen of SCR A/S, Norway; Johan Halse of Diabetic and
Overweight Medical Center, Norway; Hans Olav Hoivik of Hedmark Medical
Center, Norway; and Alexandra Einerhand and Marianne O’Shea of Lipid
Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan.
“Six months
supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) does not induce insulin
resistance in overweight and obese” 12:30- p.m. – 3 p.m. Wednesday, April
5, Human and Clinical Nutrition, board #LB406. Research was by Alexandra
Einerhand, Marianne O'Shea, Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan,
the Netherlands; Christian Syvertsen, Jean-Michel Gaullier, Minna Nurminiemi,
Knut Kristiansen, Ola Gudmundsen of Scandianavian Clinical Research AS,
Norway; Johan Halse, Diabetes and Overweight Specialist Medical Center,
Norway; and Hans Olav Hoivik, Hedmark Medical Center, Norway.
Funding: Research was underwritten by the Lipid
Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan.
* * *
The
American Physiological Society was founded in 1887 to foster basic and
applied bioscience. The Bethesda, Maryland-based society has more than
10,000 members and publishes 14 peer-reviewed journals containing almost
4,000 articles annually.
APS
provides a wide range of research, educational and career support and
programming to further the contributions of physiology to understanding the
mechanisms of diseased and healthy states. In May 2004, APS received
the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science,
Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM).
# # #
Editor’s Note: For
further information or to schedule an interview with a member of
the research team, please contact Donna Krupa at the APS newsroom @
415.905.1024 (March 31-April 5); or (703) 967-2751 (cell) or (301) 634-7209
(office),
dkrupa@the-aps.org; or Christine Guilfoy at 978.290.2400 (cell) or
301.634.7253 (office).
A searchable
online program for EB is at
http://www.faseb.org/meetings/eb2006/call/default.htm
Experimental Biology is an annual
scientific meeting convened by the Federation of American Societies of
Experimental Biology, including the American Physiological Society (APS)
and other biomedical societies. The meeting features “nominated” lectures,
symposia, research presentations, awards, a job placement center, and an
exhibit of scientific equipment, supplies, and publications. This year’s
participating Societies are APS, American Association of
Anatomists, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
American Society for Investigative Pathology, American Society for
Nutritional Sciences, and the American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics.
