The laboratory materials, equipment, and protocols used by physiologists change regularly as new methods are developed and new safety and procedural regulations are mandated. Furthermore, scientists often cannot predict where a particular research question will lead them. A molecular question may well lead to whole organ experiments and vice versa. As a trainee, it is important to take every oportunity to learn diverse methods, as well as developing expertise in the primary methods used in one's own field. This includes understanding what is involved in using animals or humans in research, as well as the safe handling of radioactive and other hazardous materials. Finally, it is critical to learn early in one's training how to maintain accurate records, logs, and protocols. While laboratory skills are obviously important for the physiologist primarily involved in research, they are also critical to those engaged in teaching courses that include a laboratory component.